Contemporary Art, Modern Art, Abstract Art – What’s the Difference?

Let us start with modern art.  Modern art is a classification of an art period that includes artwork produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s. 

It’s important to note that within the modern art period many experimental and expressive styles exist.

The modern art period was started by artists that had an experimental spirit for expressing new ideas and methods.  They explored beyond traditional techniques and pushed the boundaries of art. 

Impressionist Claude Monet and post-impressionist Vincent van Gogh were key figures. 

According to art scholars and historians the modern art movement ended around the 1970s when the term postmodern started to be used and pop art became the new thing. 

However, there is a grey area here because in general most people will use the term to describe art being created today if it has the same characteristics of new experimental expression.  And this makes sense because the word modern means “relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the remote past.”

And that brings us to abstract art.  You might be thinking, what is abstract art?  And, is abstract art modern art?

Abstraction is a painting style classified within the modern art movement in the early 1900s. So yes, it is a type of modern art.  Abstract was a truly revolutionary style and a way for artists to create a departure from reality.

Wikipedia states: “Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. This departure from accurate representation can be slight, partial, or complete.”

Within the abstract style are many different spectrums and classifications of abstraction.

The earliest known abstract style was Cubism which started in 1908 and was developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braques. This abstract technique reduced the forms into basic geometric shapes.

Eventually, the abstract art style included art that did not try to represent reality at all, and this was called non-objective abstract painting. Russian artist Wassily Kandinsky is generally credited with creating the first purely non-objective abstract painting in 1910.

And in America, abstract art was not known until 1940 when the expressionist style of Jackson Pollock caught the eyes of the world.

And because abstract art is a style of painting and not a classification of an art period, abstract paintings are still being created today.

Finally, that brings us to the current day.  Right now, we use the term contemporary art to define art as being created in our lifetime or in the current present moment.

So any artwork being created right now is technically contemporary no matter what the style.

But what has happened is that people use contemporary art to describe unique art created in new and different ways from the 1970s until now.

It is important to know that contemporary art refers to all art produced today utilizing the many technological advances – and that includes paintings, digital art, sculpture, photography, installation, performance, and video art.